Basic Engineering Mathematics

377 Pages · 3.35 mb ·

Engineering Math

Table of contents

- Front Cover (Page 1)
- Title Page (Page 4)
- Copyright
Page (Page 5)
- Table of
Contents (Page 6)
- Preface
(Page 10)
- Acknowledgements (Page 11)
- Instructor’s Manual (Page 12)
- Chapter 1.
Basic arithmetic (Page 14)
- 1.1 Introduction (Page 14)
- 1.2 Revision of addition and subtraction (Page 14)
- 1.3 Revision of multiplication and
division (Page 16)
- 1.4 Highest common factors and
lowest common multiples (Page 18)
- 1.5 Order of precedence and brackets (Page 19)
- Chapter 2.
Fractions (Page 22)
- 2.1 Introduction (Page 22)
- 2.2 Adding and subtracting fractions (Page 23)
- 2.3 Multiplication and division of
fractions (Page 25)
- 2.4 Order of precedence with
fractions (Page 26)
- Revision Test
1 (Page 28)
- Chapter 3.
Decimals (Page 29)
- 3.1 Introduction (Page 29)
- 3.2 Converting decimals to fractions
and vice-versa (Page 29)
- 3.3 Significant figures and decimal
places (Page 30)
- 3.4 Adding and subtracting decimal
numbers (Page 31)
- 3.5 Multiplying and dividing decimal
numbers (Page 32)
- Chapter 4.
Using a calculator (Page 35)
- 4.1 Introduction (Page 35)
- 4.2 Adding, subtracting, multiplying
and dividing (Page 35)
- 4.3 Further calculator functions (Page 36)
- 4.4 Evaluation of formulae (Page 41)
- Chapter 5.
Percentages (Page 46)
- 5.1 Introduction (Page 46)
- 5.2 Percentage calculations (Page 46)
- 5.3 Further percentage calculations (Page 48)
- 5.4 More percentage calculations (Page 49)
- Revision Test 2 (Page 52)
- Chapter 6. Ratio and proportion (Page 53)
- 6.1 Introduction (Page 53)
- 6.2 Ratios (Page 53)
- 6.3 Direct proportion (Page 55)
- 6.4 Inverse proportion (Page 58)
- Chapter 7. Powers, roots and laws of indices (Page 60)
- 7.1 Introduction (Page 60)
- 7.2 Powers and roots (Page 60)
- 7.3 Laws of indices (Page 61)
- Chapter 8. Units, prefixes and engineering notation (Page 66)
- 8.1 Introduction (Page 66)
- 8.2 SI units (Page 66)
- 8.3 Common prefixes (Page 66)
- 8.4 Standard form (Page 69)
- 8.5 Engineering notation (Page 70)
- Revision Test 3 (Page 73)
- Chapter 9. Basic algebra (Page 74)
- 9.1 Introduction (Page 74)
- 9.2 Basic operations (Page 74)
- 9.3 Laws of indices (Page 77)
- Chapter 10. Further algebra (Page 81)
- 10.1 Introduction (Page 81)
- 10.2 Brackets (Page 81)
- 10.3 Factorization (Page 82)
- 10.4 Laws of precedence (Page 84)
- Chapter 11. Solving simple equations (Page 86)
- 11.1 Introduction (Page 86)
- 11.2 Solving equations (Page 86)
- 11.3 Practical problems involving simple equations (Page 90)
- Revision Test 4 (Page 95)
- Chapter 12. Transposing formulae (Page 96)
- 12.1 Introduction (Page 96)
- 12.2 Transposing formulae (Page 96)
- 12.3 Further transposing of formulae (Page 98)
- 12.4 More difficult transposing of formulae (Page 100)
- Chapter 13. Solving simultaneous equations (Page 103)
- 13.1 Introduction (Page 103)
- 13.2 Solving simultaneous equations in two unknowns (Page 103)
- 13.3 Further solving of simultaneous equations (Page 105)
- 13.4 Solving more difficult simultaneous equations (Page 107)
- 13.5 Practical problems involving simultaneous equations (Page 109)
- 13.6 Solving simultaneous equations in three unknowns (Page 112)
- Revision Test 5 (Page 114)
- Chapter 14. Solving quadratic equations (Page 115)
- 14.1 Introduction (Page 115)
- 14.2 Solution of quadratic equations by factorization (Page 115)
- 14.3 Solution of quadratic equations by ‘completing the square’ (Page 118)
- 14.4 Solution of quadratic equations by formula (Page 119)
- 14.5 Practical problems involving quadratic equations (Page 121)
- 14.6 Solution of linear and quadratic equations simultaneously (Page 123)
- Chapter 15. Logarithms (Page 124)
- 15.1 Introduction to logarithms (Page 124)
- 15.2 Laws of logarithms (Page 126)
- 15.3 Indicial equations (Page 128)
- 15.4 Graphs of logarithmic functions (Page 129)
- Chapter 16. Exponential functions (Page 131)
- 16.1 Introduction to exponential functions (Page 131)
- 16.2 The power series for ex (Page 132)
- 16.3 Graphs of exponential functions (Page 133)
- 16.4 Napierian logarithms (Page 135)
- 16.5 Laws of growth and decay (Page 138)
- Revision Test 6 (Page 142)
- Chapter 17. Straight line graphs (Page 143)
- 17.1 Introduction to graphs (Page 143)
- 17.2 Axes, scales and co-ordinates (Page 143)
- 17.3 Straight line graphs (Page 145)
- 17.4 Gradients, intercepts and equations of graphs (Page 147)
- 17.5 Practical problems involving straight line graphs (Page 154)
- Chapter 18. Graphs reducing non-linear laws to linear form (Page 160)
- 18.1 Introduction (Page 160)
- 18.2 Determination of law (Page 160)
- 18.3 Revision of laws of logarithms (Page 163)
- 18.4 Determination of laws involving logarithms (Page 163)
- Chapter 19. Graphical solution of equations (Page 168)
- 19.1 Graphical solution of simultaneous equations (Page 168)
- 19.2 Graphical solution of quadratic equations (Page 169)
- 19.3 Graphical solution of linear and quadratic equations simultaneously (Page 173)
- 19.4 Graphical solution of cubic equations (Page 174)
- Revision Test 7 (Page 176)
- Chapter 20. Angles and triangles (Page 178)
- 20.1 Introduction (Page 178)
- 20.2 Angular
measurement (Page 178)
- 20.3 Triangles (Page 184)
- 20.4 Congruent triangles (Page 188)
- 20.5 Similar triangles (Page 189)
- 20.6 Construction of triangles (Page 192)
- Chapter 21. Introduction to trigonometry (Page 194)
- 21.1 Introduction (Page 194)
- 21.2 The theorem
of Pythagoras (Page 194)
- 21.3 Sines, cosines and tangents (Page 196)
- 21.4 Evaluating trigonometric ratios of acute angles (Page 198)
- 21.5 Solving right-angled triangles (Page 201)
- 21.6 Angles of elevation and
depression (Page 204)
- Revision Test 8 (Page 206)
- Chapter 22. Trigonometric waveforms (Page 208)
- 22.1 Graphs of trigonometric functions (Page 208)
- 22.2 Angles of any magnitude (Page 209)
- 22.3 The production of sine and cosine waves (Page 211)
- 22.4 Terminology involved with sine and cosine waves (Page 212)
- 22.5 Sinusoidal form: A sin(ωt ± α)
(Page 215)
- Chapter 23. Non-right-angled triangles and some practical applications (Page 218)
- 23.1 The sine and cosine rules (Page 218)
- 23.2 Area of any triangle (Page 218)
- 23.3 Worked problems on the solution of triangles and their areas (Page 219)
- 23.4 Further worked problems on the solution of triangles and their areas (Page 220)
- 23.5 Practical situations involving trigonometry (Page 222)
- 23.6 Further practical situations involving trigonometry (Page 224)
- Chapter 24. Cartesian and polar co-ordinates (Page 227)
- 24.1 Introduction (Page 227)
- 24.2 Changing from Cartesian to polar co-ordinates (Page 227)
- 24.3 Changing from
polar to Cartesian co-ordinates (Page 229)
- 24.4 Use of Pol/Rec functions on calculators (Page 230)
- Revision Test 9 (Page 231)
- Chapter 25. Areas of common shapes (Page 232)
- 25.1 Introduction (Page 232)
- 25.2 Common shapes (Page 232)
- 25.3 Areas of common shapes (Page 234)
- 25.4 Areas of similar shapes (Page 242)
- Chapter 26. The circle (Page 243)
- 26.1 Introduction (Page 243)
- 26.2 Properties of circles (Page 243)
- 26.3 Radians and degrees (Page 245)
- 26.4 Arc length and area of circles and sectors (Page 246)
- 26.5 The equation of a circle (Page 249)
- Revision Test 10 (Page 251)
- Chapter 27. Volumes of common solids (Page 253)
- 27.1 Introduction (Page 253)
- 27.2 Volumes and surface areas of common shapes (Page 253)
- 27.3 Summary of volumes and surface areas of common solids (Page 260)
- 27.4 More complex volumes and surface areas (Page 260)
- 27.5 Volumes and surface areas of frusta of pyramids and cones (Page 265)
- 27.6 Volumes of similar shapes
(Page 269)
- Chapter 28. Irregular areas and volumes, and mean values (Page 270)
- 28.1 Areas of irregular figures (Page 270)
- 28.2 Volumes of irregular solids (Page 272)
- 28.3 Mean or average values of waveforms (Page 273)
- Revision Test 11 (Page 277)
- Chapter 29. Vectors (Page 279)
- 29.1 Introduction (Page 279)
- 29.2 Scalars and vectors (Page 279)
- 29.3 Drawing a vector (Page 279)
- 29.4 Addition of vectors by drawing (Page 280)
- 29.5 Resolving vectors into horizontal and vertical components (Page 282)
- 29.6 Addition of vectors by calculation (Page 283)
- 29.7 Vector subtraction (Page 287)
- 29.8 Relative velocity (Page 289)
- 29.9 i, j and k notation (Page 290)
- Chapter 30. Methods of adding alternating waveforms (Page 291)
- 30.1 Combining two periodic functions (Page 291)
- 30.2 Plotting periodic functions (Page 291)
- 30.3 Determining resultant phasors by drawing (Page 293)
- 30.4 Determining resultant phasors by the sine and cosine rules (Page 294)
- 30.5 Determining resultant phasors by horizontal and vertical components (Page 296)
- Revision Test 12 (Page 299)
- Chapter 31. Presentation of statistical data (Page 301)
- 31.1 Some statistical terminology (Page 301)
- 31.2 Presentation of ungrouped data (Page 302)
- 31.3 Presentation of grouped data (Page 305)
- Chapter 32. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation (Page 312)
- 32.1 Measures of central tendency (Page 312)
- 32.2 Mean, median and
mode for discrete data (Page 312)
- 32.3 Mean, median and
mode for grouped data (Page 313)
- 32.4 Standard deviation (Page 315)
- 32.5 Quartiles, deciles and percentiles (Page 316)
- Chapter 33. Probability (Page 319)
- 33.1 Introduction to probability (Page 319)
- 33.2 Laws of probability (Page 320)
- Revision Test 13 (Page 325)
- Chapter 34. Introduction to differentiation (Page 326)
- 34.1 Introduction to calculus (Page 326)
- 34.2 Functional notation (Page 326)
- 34.3 The gradient of a curve (Page 327)
- 34.4 Differentiation from first principles (Page 328)
- 34.5 Differentiation of y = axn by the general rule (Page 328)
- 34.6 Differentiation of sine and cosine functions (Page 331)
- 34.7 Differentiation of eax and ln ax (Page 333)
- 34.8 Summary of standard derivatives (Page 334)
- 34.9 Successive differentiation (Page 335)
- 34.10 Rates of change (Page 336)
- Chapter 35. Introduction to integration (Page 338)
- 35.1 The process of integration (Page 338)
- 35.2 The general solution of integrals of the form axn (Page 338)
- 35.3 Standard integrals (Page 339)
- 35.4 Definite integrals (Page 341)
- 35.5 The area under a curve (Page 343)
- Revision Test 14 (Page 348)
- List of formulae (Page 349)
- Answers to practice exercises (Page 353)
- Index (Page 369)