Data Analysis with Microsoft Excel

613 Pages · 10.55 mb ·

Kenneth N. Berk

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Table of contents

- Front Cover (Page 1)
- Title Page (Page 2)
- Copyright (Page 3)
- About the Authors (Page 4)
- Preface (Page 5)
- Contents (Page 10)
- Chapter 1 Getting Started With Excel (Page 14)
- Getting Started (Page 15)
- Special Files for This Book (Page 15)
- Installing the StatPlus Files (Page 15)
- Excel and Spreadsheets (Page 17)
- Launching Excel (Page 18)
- Viewing the Excel Window (Page 19)
- Running Excel Commands (Page 20)
- Excel Workbooks and Worksheets (Page 23)
- Opening a Workbook (Page 23)
- Scrolling through a Workbook (Page 24)
- Worksheet Cells (Page 27)
- Selecting a Cell (Page 27)
- Moving Cells (Page 29)
- Printing from Excel (Page 31)
- Previewing the Print Job (Page 31)
- Setting Up the Page (Page 32)
- Printing the Page (Page 34)
- Saving Your Work (Page 35)
- Excel Add-Ins (Page 37)
- Loading the StatPlus Add-In (Page 37)
- Loading the Data Analysis ToolPak (Page 41)
- Unloading an Add-In (Page 43)
- Features of StatPlus (Page 43)
- Using StatPlus Modules (Page 43)
- Hidden Data (Page 44)
- Linked Formulas (Page 45)
- Setup Options (Page 45)
- Exiting Excel (Page 47)
- Chapter 2 Working With Data (Page 48)
- Data Entry (Page 49)
- Entering Data from the Keyboard (Page 49)
- Entering Data with Autofi ll (Page 50)
- Inserting New Data (Page 53)
- Data Formats (Page 54)
- Formulas and Functions (Page 58)
- Inserting a Simple Formula (Page 59)
- Inserting an Excel Function (Page 60)
- Cell References (Page 63)
- Range Names (Page 64)
- Sorting Data (Page 67)
- Querying Data (Page 68)
- Using the AutoFilter (Page 69)
- Using the Advanced Filter (Page 72)
- Using Calculated Values (Page 10)
- Importing Data from Text Files (Page 76)
- Importing Data from Databases (Page 81)
- Using Excel's Database Query Wizard (Page 81)
- Specifying Criteria and Sorting Data (Page 84)
- Exercises (Page 88)
- Chapter 3 WORKING WITH CHARTS (Page 94)
- Introducing Excel Charts (Page 95)
- Introducing Scatter Plots (Page 99)
- Editing a Chart (Page 104)
- Resizing and Moving an Embedded Chart (Page 104)
- Moving a Chart to a Chart Sheet (Page 106)
- Working with Chart and Axis Titles (Page 107)
- Editing the Chart Axes (Page 110)
- Working with Gridlines and Legends (Page 113)
- Editing Plot Symbols (Page 115)
- Identifying Data Points (Page 118)
- Selecting a Data Row (Page 119)
- Labeling Data Points (Page 120)
- Formatting Labels (Page 122)
- Creating Bubble Plots (Page 123)
- Breaking a Scatter Plot into Categories (Page 130)
- Plotting Several Variables (Page 133)
- Exercises (Page 136)
- Chapter 4 DESCRIBING YOUR DATA (Page 141)
- Variables and Descriptive Statistics (Page 142)
- Frequency Tables (Page 144)
- Creating a Frequency Table (Page 10)
- Using Bins in a Frequency Table (Page 147)
- Defining Your Own Bin Values (Page 149)
- Working with Histograms (Page 151)
- Creating a Histogram (Page 151)
- Shapes of Distributions (Page 154)
- Breaking a Histogram into Categories (Page 156)
- Working with Stem and Leaf Plots (Page 159)
- Distribution Statistics (Page 164)
- Percentiles and Quartiles (Page 164)
- Measures of the Center: Means, Medians, and the Mode (Page 167)
- Measures of Variability (Page 172)
- Measures of Shape: Skewness and Kurtosis (Page 175)
- Outliers (Page 177)
- Working with Boxplots (Page 178)
- CONCEPT TUTORIALS: Boxplots (Page 179)
- Exercises (Page 188)
- Chapter 5 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS (Page 195)
- Probability (Page 196)
- Probability Distributions (Page 197)
- Discrete Probability Distributions (Page 198)
- Continuous Probability Distributions Concept Tutorials: PDFs (Page 199)
- Concept Tutorials: PDFs (Page 200)
- Random Variables and Random Samples (Page 202)
- Concept Tutorials: Random Samples (Page 203)
- The Normal Distribution (Page 206)
- Concept Tutorials: (Page 207)
- The Normal Distribution (Page 207)
- Excel Worksheet Functions (Page 209)
- Using Excel to Generate Random Normal Data (Page 210)
- Charting Random Normal Data (Page 212)
- The Normal Probability Plot (Page 214)
- Parameters and Estimators (Page 218)
- The Sampling Distribution (Page 219)
- Concept Tutorials: (Page 224)
- Sampling Distributions (Page 224)
- The Standard Error (Page 225)
- The Central Limit Theorem (Page 225)
- Concept Tutorials: (Page 226)
- The Central Limit Theorem (Page 226)
- Exercises (Page 231)
- Chapter 6 STATISTICAL INFERENCE (Page 237)
- Confidence Intervals (Page 238)
- z Test Statistic and z Values (Page 238)
- Calculating the Confi dence Interval with Excel (Page 241)
- Interpreting the Confidence Interval (Page 242)
- Conept Tutorials: (Page 242)
- The Confidence Interval (Page 242)
- Hypothesis Testing (Page 245)
- Types of Error (Page 246)
- An Example of Hypothesis Testing (Page 247)
- Acceptance and Rejection Regions (Page 247)
- p Values (Page 248)
- Conept Tutorials: Hypothesis Testing (Page 249)
- Additional Thoughts about Hypothesis Testing (Page 252)
- The t Distribution (Page 253)
- Concept Tutorials: The t Distribution (Page 254)
- Working with the t Statistic (Page 255)
- Constructing a t Confi dence Interval (Page 256)
- The Robustness of t (Page 256)
- Applying the t Test to Paired Data (Page 257)
- Applying a Nonparametric Test to Paired Data (Page 263)
- The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (Page 263)
- The Sign Test (Page 266)
- The Two-Sample t Test (Page 268)
- Comparing the Pooled and Unpooled Test Statistics (Page 269)
- Working with the Two-Sample t Statistic (Page 269)
- Testing for Equality of Variance (Page 271)
- Applying the t Test to Two-Sample Data (Page 272)
- Applying a Nonparametric Test to Two-Sample Data (Page 278)
- Final Thoughts about Statistical Inference (Page 280)
- Exercises (Page 281)
- Chapter 7 TABLES (Page 288)
- PivotTables (Page 289)
- Removing Categories from a PivotTable (Page 293)
- Changing the Values Displayed by the PivotTable (Page 295)
- Displaying Categorical Data in a Bar Chart (Page 296)
- Displaying Categorical Data in a Pie Chart (Page 298)
- Two-Way Tables (Page 301)
- Computing Expected Counts (Page 304)
- The Pearson Chi-Square Statistic (Page 306)
- Concept Tutorials: The x2 Distribution (Page 306)
- Working with the x2 Distribution in Excel (Page 309)
- Breaking Down the Chi-Square Statistic (Page 310)
- Other Table Statistics (Page 310)
- Validity of the Chi-Square Test with Small Frequencies (Page 312)
- Tables with Ordinal Variables (Page 315)
- Testing for a Relationship between Two Ordinal Variables (Page 316)
- Custom Sort Order (Page 320)
- Exercises (Page 322)
- Chapter 8 REGRESSION AND CORRELATION (Page 326)
- Simple Linear Regression (Page 327)
- The Regression Equation (Page 327)
- Fitting the Regression Line (Page 328)
- Regression Functions in Excel (Page 329)
- Exploring Regression (Page 330)
- Performing a Regression Analysis (Page 331)
- Plotting Regression Data (Page 333)
- Calculating Regression Statistics (Page 336)
- Interpreting Regression Statistics (Page 338)
- Interpreting the Analysis of Variance Table (Page 339)
- Parameter Estimates and Statistics (Page 340)
- Residuals and Predicted Values (Page 341)
- Checking the Regression Model (Page 342)
- Testing the Straight-Line Assumption (Page 342)
- Testing for Normal Distribution of the Residuals (Page 344)
- Testing for Constant Variance in the Residuals (Page 345)
- Testing for the Independence of Residuals (Page 345)
- Correlation (Page 348)
- Correlation and Slope (Page 349)
- Correlation and Causality (Page 349)
- Spearman's Rank Correlation Coeffi cient (Page 350)
- Correlation Functions in Excel (Page 350)
- Creating a Correlation Matrix (Page 351)
- Correlation with a Two-Valued Variable (Page 355)
- Adjusting Multiple p Values with Bonferroni (Page 355)
- Creating a Scatter Plot Matrix (Page 356)
- Exercises (Page 358)
- Chapter 9 MULTIPLE REGRESSION (Page 365)
- Regression Models with Multiple Parameters (Page 366)
- Concept Tutorials: The F Distribution (Page 366)
- Using Regression for Prediction (Page 368)
- Regression Example: Predicting Grades (Page 369)
- Interpreting the Regression Output (Page 371)
- Multiple Correlation (Page 372)
- Coefficients and the Prediction Equation (Page 374)
- t Tests for the Coeffi cients (Page 375)
- Testing Regression Assumptions (Page 376)
- Observed versus Predicted Values (Page 376)
- Plotting Residuals versus Predicted Values (Page 379)
- Plotting Residuals versus Predictor Variables (Page 381)
- Normal Errors and the Normal Plot (Page 383)
- Summary of Calc Analysis (Page 384)
- Regression Example: Sex Discrimination (Page 384)
- Regression on Male Faculty (Page 385)
- Using a SPLOM to See Relationships (Page 386)
- Correlation Matrix of Variables (Page 387)
- Multiple Regression (Page 389)
- Interpreting the Regression Output (Page 390)
- Residual Analysis of Discrimination Data (Page 390)
- Normal Plot of Residuals (Page 391)
- Are Female Faculty Underpaid? (Page 393)
- Drawing Conclusions (Page 398)
- Exercises (Page 399)
- Chapter 10 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (Page 405)
- One-Way Analysis of Variance (Page 406)
- Analysis of Variance Example: Comparing Hotel Prices (Page 406)
- Graphing the Data to Verify ANOVA Assumptions (Page 408)
- Computing the Analysis of Variance (Page 410)
- Interpreting the Analysis of Variance Table (Page 412)
- Comparing Means (Page 415)
- Using the Bonferroni Correction Factor (Page 416)
- When to Use Bonferroni (Page 417)
- Comparing Means with a Boxplot (Page 418)
- One-Way Analysis of Variance and Regression (Page 419)
- Indicator Variables (Page 419)
- Fitting the Effects Model (Page 421)
- Two-Way Analysis of Variance (Page 423)
- A Two-Factor Example (Page 423)
- Two-Way Analysis Example: Comparing Soft Drinks (Page 426)
- Graphing the Data to Verify Assumptions (Page 427)
- The Interaction Plot (Page 430)
- Using Excel to Perform a Two-Way Analysis of Variance (Page 432)
- Interpreting the Analysis of Variance Table (Page 435)
- Summary (Page 437)
- Exercises (Page 437)
- Chapter 11 TIME SERIES (Page 444)
- Time Series Concepts (Page 445)
- Time Series Example: The Rise in Global Temperatures (Page 445)
- Plotting the Global Temperature Time Series (Page 446)
- Analyzing the Change in Global Temperature (Page 449)
- Looking at Lagged Values (Page 451)
- The Autocorrelation Function (Page 453)
- Applying the ACF to Annual Mean Temperature (Page 454)
- Other ACF Patterns (Page 456)
- Applying the ACF to the Change in Average Global Temperature (Page 457)
- Moving Averages (Page 458)
- Simple Exponential Smoothing (Page 461)
- Forecasting with Exponential Smoothing (Page 463)
- Assessing the Accuracy of the Forecast (Page 463)
- Concept Tutorials: One-Parameter Exponential Smoothing (Page 464)
- Choosing a Value for w (Page 468)
- Two-Parameter Exponential Smoothing (Page 470)
- Calculating the Smoothed Values (Page 471)
- Conept Tutorials: Two-Parameter Exponential Smoothing (Page 472)
- Seasonality (Page 475)
- Multiplicative Seasonality (Page 475)
- Additive Seasonality (Page 477)
- Seasonal Example: Liquor Sales (Page 477)
- Examining Seasonality with a Boxplot (Page 480)
- Examining Seasonality with a Line Plot (Page 481)
- Applying the ACF to Seasonal Data (Page 483)
- Adjusting for Seasonality (Page 484)
- Three-Parameter Exponential Smoothing (Page 486)
- Forecasting Liquor Sales (Page 487)
- Optimizing the Exponential Smoothing Constant (optional) (Page 492)
- Exercises (Page 495)
- Chapter 12 QUALITY CONTROL (Page 500)
- Statistical Quality Control (Page 501)
- Controlled Variation (Page 502)
- Uncontrolled Variation (Page 502)
- Control Charts (Page 503)
- Control Charts and Hypothesis Testing (Page 505)
- Variable and Attribute Charts (Page 506)
- Using Subgroups (Page 506)
- The x Chart (Page 506)
- Calculating Control Limits When s Is Known (Page 507)
- x Chart Example: Teaching Scores (Page 508)
- Calculating Control Limits When s Is Unknown (Page 511)
- x Chart Example: A Coating Process (Page 513)
- The Range Chart (Page 515)
- The C Chart (Page 517)
- C Chart Example: Factory Accidents (Page 517)
- The P Chart (Page 519)
- P Chart Example: Steel Rod Defects (Page 520)
- Control Charts for Individual Observations (Page 522)
- The Pareto Chart (Page 526)
- Exercises (Page 530)
- Appendix (Page 534)
- Excel Reference (Page 534)
- Bibiliography (Page 600)
- Index (Page 602)