Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Table of contents

- Inside front cover
(Page 2)
- Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Fifth edition (Page 5)
- Copyright © 2007 by F. A. Davis Company (Page 6)
- Preface (Page 7)
- To the Instructor (Page 8)
- To the Student (Page 10)
- Acknowledgments (Page 13)
- Contents (Page 14)
- CHAPTER 1: Organization and General Plan of the Body
(Page 19)
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION (Page 22)
- METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS (Page 25)
- TERMINOLOGY AND GENERAL PLAN OF THE BODY
(Page 30)
- CHAPTER 2: Some Basic Chemistry
(Page 39)
- ELEMENTS (Page 42)
- ATOMS (Page 42)
- CHEMICAL BONDS (Page 43)
- CHEMICAL REACTIONS (Page 46)
- INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF IMPORTANCE
(Page 46)
- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF IMPORTANCE
(Page 51)
- CHAPTER 3: Cells
(Page 65)
- CELL STRUCTURE (Page 66)
- CELLULAR TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
(Page 70)
- THE GENETIC CODE AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
(Page 74)
- CELL DIVISION (Page 78)
- AGING AND CELLS (Page 81)
- CHAPTER 4: Tissues and Membranes
(Page 85)
- EPITHELIAL TISSUE (Page 88)
- CONNECTIVE TISSUE (Page 92)
- MUSCLE TISSUE (Page 97)
- NERVE TISSUE (Page 99)
- MEMBRANES (Page 100)
- AGING AND TISSUES (Page 102)
- CHAPTER 5: The Integumentary System
(Page 107)
- THE SKIN (Page 108)
- SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE (Page 117)
- AGING AND THEINTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (Page 119)
- CHAPTER 6: The Skeletal System
(Page 123)
- FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON (Page 124)
- TYPES OF BONE TISSUE (Page 124)
- CLASSIFICATION OF BONES (Page 124)
- EMBRYONIC GROWTH OF BONE (Page 126)
- FACTORS THAT AFFECT BONE GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE
(Page 126)
- THE SKELETON (Page 130)
- JOINTS—ARTICULATIONS (Page 146)
- AGING AND THE SKELETAL SYSTEM (Page 146)
- CHAPTER 7: The Muscular System
(Page 153)
- MUSCLE STRUCTURE (Page 156)
- MUSCLE TONE (Page 158)
- MUSCLE SENSE (Page 159)
- ENERGY SOURCES FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION
(Page 159)
- MUSCLE FIBER—MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE (Page 160)
- CONTRACTION—THE SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM
(Page 164)
- RESPONSES TO EXERCISE—MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS (Page 165)
- AGING AND THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
(Page 167)
- MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE BODY (Page 167)
- CHAPTER 8: The Nervous System
(Page 181)
- NERVOUS SYSTEM DIVISIONS (Page 184)
- NERVE TISSUE (Page 184)
- TYPES OF NEURONS (Page 188)
- NERVES AND NERVE TRACTS (Page 189)
- THE NERVE IMPULSE (Page 189)
- THE SPINAL CORD (Page 189)
- THE BRAIN (Page 194)
- MENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
(Page 202)
- CRANIAL NERVES (Page 204)
- THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (Page 205)
- AGING AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (Page 209)
- CHAPTER 9: The Senses
(Page 215)
- SENSORY PATHWAY (Page 216)
- CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSATIONS (Page 216)
- CUTANEOUS SENSES (Page 217)
- MUSCLE SENSE (Page 218)
- SENSE OF TASTE (Page 218)
- SENSE OF SMELL (Page 220)
- HUNGER AND THIRST (Page 220)
- THE EYE (Page 220)
- THE EAR (Page 228)
- ARTERIAL RECEPTORS (Page 234)
- AGING AND THE SENSES (Page 234)
- CHAPTER 10: The Endocrine System
(Page 239)
- CHEMISTRY OF HORMONES (Page 243)
- REGULATION OF HORMONE SECRETION
(Page 243)
- THE PITUITARY GLAND (Page 243)
- THYROID GLAND (Page 249)
- PARATHYROID GLANDS (Page 251)
- PANCREAS (Page 251)
- ADRENAL GLANDS (Page 254)
- OVARIES (Page 260)
- TESTES (Page 261)
- OTHER HORMONES (Page 261)
- MECHANISMS OF HORMONE ACTION
(Page 262)
- AGING AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
(Page 263)
- CHAPTER 11: Blood (Page 269)
- CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD (Page 270)
- PLASMA (Page 270)
- BLOOD CELLS (Page 272)
- CHAPTER 12: The Heart
(Page 291)
- LOCATION AND PERICARDIAL MEMBRANES (Page 292)
- CHAMBERS—VESSELS AND VALVES (Page 292)
- CORONARY VESSELS (Page 295)
- CARDIAC CYCLE AND HEART SOUNDS (Page 296)
- CARDIAC CONDUCTION PATHWAY (Page 297)
- HEART RATE (Page 301)
- CARDIAC OUTPUT (Page 301)
- REGULATION OF HEART RATE (Page 302)
- AGING AND THE HEART (Page 304)
- CHAPTER 13: The Vascular System
(Page 309)
- ARTERIES (Page 310)
- VEINS (Page 310)
- CAPILLARIES (Page 311)
- PATHWAYS OF CIRCULATION (Page 314)
- VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW (Page 324)
- BLOOD PRESSURE (Page 325)
- REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE (Page 328)
- AGING AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
(Page 332)
- CHAPTER 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
(Page 337)
- LYMPH (Page 340)
- LYMPH VESSELS (Page 340)
- LYMPHATIC TISSUE (Page 340)
- IMMUNITY (Page 345)
- AGING AND THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
(Page 355)
- CHAPTER 15: The Respiratory System
(Page 361)
- DIVISIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(Page 362)
- MECHANISM OF BREATHING (Page 365)
- PULMONARY VOLUMES (Page 369)
- EXCHANGE OF GASES (Page 372)
- TRANSPORT OF GASES IN THE BLOOD (Page 373)
- REGULATION OF RESPIRATION (Page 376)
- RESPIRATION AND ACID–BASE BALANCE (Page 378)
- AGING AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(Page 379)
- CHAPTER 16: The Digestive System
(Page 385)
- DIVISIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
(Page 388)
- TYPES OF DIGESTION (Page 388)
- ORAL CAVITY (Page 388)
- PHARYNX (Page 391)
- ESOPHAGUS (Page 391)
- STRUCTURAL LAYERS OF THE ALIMENTARY TUBE
(Page 391)
- STOMACH (Page 394)
- SMALL INTESTINE (Page 396)
- LIVER (Page 397)
- GALLBLADDER (Page 397)
- PANCREAS (Page 397)
- COMPLETION OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
(Page 399)
- LARGE INTESTINE (Page 403)
- OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER (Page 404)
- AGING AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
(Page 407)
- CHAPTER 17: Body Temperature and Metabolism
(Page 413)
- BODY TEMPERATURE (Page 414)
- METABOLISM (Page 418)
- AGING AND METABOLISM (Page 431)
- CHAPTER 18: The Urinary System
(Page 435)
- KIDNEYS (Page 439)
- FORMATION OF URINE (Page 442)
- THE KIDNEYS AND ACID–BASE BALANCE
(Page 446)
- OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEYS
(Page 447)
- ELIMINATION OF URINE (Page 449)
- CHARACTERISTICS OF URINE (Page 450)
- AGING AND THE URINARY SYSTEM (Page 451)
- CHAPTER 19: Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance
(Page 457)
- WATER COMPARTMENTS (Page 460)
- WATER INTAKE AND OUTPUT (Page 461)
- ELECTROLYTES (Page 463)
- ACID–BASE BALANCE (Page 464)
- AGING AND FLUID AND pH REGULATION
(Page 468)
- CHAPTER 20: The Reproductive Systems
(Page 473)
- MEIOSIS (Page 474)
- MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Page 475)
- FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Page 480)
- AGING AND THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
(Page 488)
- CHAPTER 21: Human Development and Genetics
(Page 493)
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (Page 494)
- GENETICS (Page 504)
- CHAPTER 22: An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease
(Page 515)
- CLASSIFICATION OFMICROORGANISMS (Page 516)
- NORMAL FLORA (Page 518)
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE (Page 518)
- EPIDEMIOLOGY (Page 521)
- METHODS OF CONTROL OF MICROBES
(Page 522)
- THE PATHOGENS (Page 525)
- Appendix A: Units of Measure
(Page 546)
- Appendix B: Abbreviations
(Page 548)
- Appendix C: Normal Values for Some Commonly Used Blood Tests
(Page 550)
- Appendix D: Normal Values for Some Commonly Used Urine Tests
(Page 551)
- Appendix E: Eponymous Terms
(Page 552)
- Appendix F: Prefixes, Combining Word Roots, and Suffixes Used in Medical Terminology
(Page 553)
- Appendix G: Answers to Illustration Questions
(Page 557)
- Glossary (Page 565)
- Index (Page 607)