756 Pages · 51.20 mb ·
David Halliday
Editor's Picks Most Popular Academic & Education
- Cover (Page 1) - Title Page (Page 5) - Copyright (Page 6) - PREFACE (Page 19) - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (Page 25) - Contents (Page 8) - 1 Measurement (Page 27) - 1-1 MEASURING THINGS, INCLUDING LENGTHS (Page 27) - 1-2 TIME (Page 31) - 1-3 MASS (Page 32) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 34) - PROBLEMS (Page 34) - 2 Motion Along a Straight Line (Page 39) - 2-1 POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, AND AVERAGE VELOCITY (Page 39) - 2-2 INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND SPEED (Page 44) - 2-3 ACCELERATION (Page 46) - 2-4 CONSTANT ACCELERATION (Page 49) - 2-5 FREE-FALL ACCELERATION (Page 53) - 2-6 GRAPHICAL INTEGRATION IN MOTION ANALYSIS (Page 55) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 56) - QUESTIONS (Page 57) - PROBLEMS (Page 58) - 3 Vectors (Page 66) - 3-1 VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS (Page 66) - 3-2 UNIT VECTORS, ADDING VECTORS BY COMPONENTS (Page 72) - 3-3 MULTIPLYING VECTORS (Page 76) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 81) - QUESTIONS (Page 82) - PROBLEMS (Page 83) - 4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions (Page 88) - 4-1 POSITION AND DISPLACEMENT (Page 88) - 4-2 AVERAGE VELOCITY AND INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY (Page 90) - 4-3 AVERAGE ACCELERATION AND INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION (Page 93) - 4-4 PROJECTILE MOTION (Page 96) - 4-5 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION (Page 102) - 4-6 RELATIVE MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION (Page 104) - 4-7 RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS (Page 106) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 107) - QUESTIONS (Page 108) - PROBLEMS (Page 110) - 5 Force and Motion—I (Page 120) - 5-1 NEWTON’S FIRST AND SECOND LAWS (Page 120) - 5-2 SOME PARTICULAR FORCES (Page 128) - 5-3 APPLYING NEWTON’S LAWS (Page 132) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 140) - QUESTIONS (Page 140) - PROBLEMS (Page 142) - 6 Force and Motion—II (Page 150) - 6-1 FRICTION (Page 150) - 6-2 THE DRAG FORCE AND TERMINAL SPEED (Page 156) - 6-3 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION (Page 159) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 164) - QUESTIONS (Page 165) - PROBLEMS (Page 166) - 7 Kinetic Energy and Work (Page 175) - 7-1 KINETIC ENERGY (Page 175) - 7-2 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY (Page 177) - 7-3 WORK DONE BY THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE (Page 181) - 7-4 WORK DONE BY A SPRING FORCE (Page 185) - 7-5 WORK DONE BY A GENERAL VARIABLE FORCE (Page 188) - 7-6 POWER (Page 192) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 194) - QUESTIONS (Page 195) - PROBLEMS (Page 196) - 8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy (Page 203) - 8-1 POTENTIAL ENERGY (Page 203) - 8-2 CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY (Page 210) - 8-3 READING A POTENTIAL ENERGY CURVE (Page 213) - 8-4 WORK DONE ON A SYSTEM BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE (Page 217) - 8-5 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY (Page 221) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 225) - QUESTIONS (Page 226) - PROBLEMS (Page 228) - 9 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum (Page 240) - 9-1 CENTER OF MASS (Page 240) - 9-2 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES (Page 246) - 9-3 LINEAR MOMENTUM (Page 250) - 9-4 COLLISION AND IMPULSE (Page 252) - 9-5 CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM (Page 256) - 9-6 MOMENTUM AND KINETIC ENERGY IN COLLISIONS (Page 259) - 9-7 ELASTIC COLLISIONS IN ONE DIMENSION (Page 263) - 9-8 COLLISIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS (Page 266) - 9-9 SYSTEMS WITH VARYING MASS: A ROCKET (Page 267) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 269) - QUESTIONS (Page 271) - PROBLEMS (Page 272) - 10 Rotation (Page 283) - 10-1 ROTATIONAL VARIABLES (Page 283) - 10-2 ROTATION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION (Page 292) - 10-3 RELATING THE LINEAR AND ANGULAR VARIABLES (Page 294) - 10-4 KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION (Page 297) - 10-5 CALCULATING THE ROTATIONAL INERTIA (Page 299) - 10-6 TORQUE (Page 303) - 10-7 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR ROTATION (Page 305) - 10-8 WORK AND ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY (Page 308) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 311) - QUESTIONS (Page 312) - PROBLEMS (Page 313) - 11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum (Page 321) - 11-1 ROLLING AS TRANSLATION AND ROTATION COMBINED (Page 321) - 11-2 FORCES AND KINETIC ENERGY OF ROLLING (Page 324) - 11-3 THE YO-YO (Page 327) - 11-4 TORQUE REVISITED (Page 328) - 11-5 ANGULAR MOMENTUM (Page 331) - 11-6 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW IN ANGULAR FORM (Page 333) - 11-7 ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A RIGID BODY (Page 336) - 11-8 CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM (Page 338) - 11-9 PRECESSION OF A GYROSCOPE (Page 343) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 344) - QUESTIONS (Page 345) - PROBLEMS (Page 346) - 12 Equilibrium and Elasticity (Page 353) - 12-1 EQUILIBRIUM (Page 353) - 12-2 SOME EXAMPLES OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM (Page 358) - 12-3 ELASTICITY (Page 364) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 369) - QUESTIONS (Page 369) - PROBLEMS (Page 371) - 13 Gravitation (Page 380) - 13-1 NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION (Page 380) - 13-2 GRAVITATION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION (Page 383) - 13-3 GRAVITATION NEAR EARTH’S SURFACE (Page 385) - 13-4 GRAVITATION INSIDE EARTH (Page 388) - 13-5 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY (Page 390) - 13-6 PLANETS AND SATELLITES: KEPLER’S LAWS (Page 394) - 13-7 SATELLITES: ORBITS AND ENERGY (Page 397) - 13-8 EINSTEIN AND GRAVITATION (Page 400) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 402) - QUESTIONS (Page 403) - PROBLEMS (Page 404) - 14 Fluids (Page 412) - 14-1 FLUIDS, DENSITY, AND PRESSURE (Page 412) - 14-2 FLUIDS AT REST (Page 414) - 14-3 MEASURING PRESSURE (Page 418) - 14-4 PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE (Page 419) - 14-5 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE (Page 420) - 14-6 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY (Page 424) - 14-7 BERNOULLI’S EQUATION (Page 427) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 431) - QUESTIONS (Page 431) - PROBLEMS (Page 432) - 15 Oscillations (Page 439) - 15-1 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (Page 439) - 15-2 ENERGY IN SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (Page 447) - 15-3 AN ANGULAR SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR (Page 449) - 15-4 PENDULUMS, CIRCULAR MOTION (Page 450) - 15-5 DAMPED SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (Page 456) - 15-6 FORCED OSCILLATIONS AND RESONANCE (Page 458) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 460) - QUESTIONS (Page 460) - PROBLEMS (Page 462) - 16 Waves—I (Page 470) - 16-1 TRANSVERSE WAVES (Page 470) - 16-2 WAVE SPEED ON A STRETCHED STRING (Page 478) - 16-3 ENERGY AND POWER OF A WAVE TRAVELING ALONG A STRING (Page 480) - 16-4 THE WAVE EQUATION (Page 482) - 16-5 INTERFERENCE OF WAVES (Page 484) - 16-6 PHASORS (Page 488) - 16-7 STANDING WAVES AND RESONANCE (Page 491) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 496) - QUESTIONS (Page 497) - PROBLEMS (Page 498) - 17 Waves—II (Page 505) - 17-1 SPEED OF SOUND (Page 505) - 17-2 TRAVELING SOUND WAVES (Page 508) - 17-3 INTERFERENCE (Page 511) - 17-4 INTENSITY AND SOUND LEVEL (Page 514) - 17-5 SOURCES OF MUSICAL SOUND (Page 518) - 17-6 BEATS (Page 522) - 17-7 THE DOPPLER EFFECT (Page 524) - 17-8 SUPERSONIC SPEEDS, SHOCK WAVES (Page 529) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 530) - QUESTIONS (Page 531) - PROBLEMS (Page 532) - 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics (Page 540) - 18-1 TEMPERATURE (Page 540) - 18-2 THE CELSIUS AND FAHRENHEIT SCALES (Page 544) - 18-3 THERMAL EXPANSION (Page 546) - 18-4 ABSORPTION OF HEAT (Page 548) - 18-5 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS (Page 554) - 18-6 HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS (Page 560) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 564) - QUESTIONS (Page 566) - PROBLEMS (Page 567) - 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases (Page 575) - 19-1 AVOGADRO’S NUMBER (Page 575) - 19-2 IDEAL GASES (Page 576) - 19-3 PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND RMS SPEED (Page 580) - 19-4 TRANSLATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY (Page 583) - 19-5 MEAN FREE PATH (Page 584) - 19-6 THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR SPEEDS (Page 586) - 19-7 THE MOLAR SPECIFIC HEATS OF AN IDEAL GAS (Page 590) - 19-8 DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND MOLAR SPECIFIC HEATS (Page 594) - 19-9 THE ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF AN IDEAL GAS (Page 597) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 601) - QUESTIONS (Page 602) - PROBLEMS (Page 603) - 20 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Page 609) - 20-1 ENTROPY (Page 609) - 20-2 ENTROPY IN THE REAL WORLD: ENGINES (Page 616) - 20-3 REFRIGERATORS AND REAL ENGINES (Page 621) - 20-4 A STATISTICAL VIEW OF ENTROPY (Page 624) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 628) - QUESTIONS (Page 629) - PROBLEMS (Page 630) - 21 Coulomb’s Law (Page 635) - 21-1 COULOMB’S LAW (Page 635) - 21-2 CHARGE IS QUANTIZED (Page 645) - 21-3 CHARGE IS CONSERVED (Page 647) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 648) - QUESTIONS (Page 649) - PROBLEMS (Page 650) - 22 Electric Fields (Page 656) - 22-1 THE ELECTRIC FIELD (Page 656) - 22-2 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A CHARGED PARTICLE (Page 659) - 22-3 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A DIPOLE (Page 661) - 22-4 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A LINE OF CHARGE (Page 664) - 22-5 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A CHARGED DISK (Page 669) - 22-6 A POINT CHARGE IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD (Page 671) - 22-7 A DIPOLE IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD (Page 673) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 676) - QUESTIONS (Page 677) - PROBLEMS (Page 678) - 23 Gauss’ Law (Page 685) - 23-1 ELECTRIC FLUX (Page 685) - 23-2 GAUSS’ LAW (Page 690) - 23-3 A CHARGED ISOLATED CONDUCTOR (Page 694) - 23-4 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: CYLINDRICAL SYMMETRY (Page 697) - 23-5 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: PLANAR SYMMETRY (Page 699) - 23-6 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: SPHERICAL SYMMETRY (Page 701) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 703) - QUESTIONS (Page 703) - PROBLEMS (Page 705) - 24 Electric Potential (Page 711) - 24-1 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL (Page 711) - 24-2 EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES AND THE ELECTRIC FIELD (Page 716) - 24-3 POTENTIAL DUE TO A CHARGED PARTICLE (Page 720) - 24-4 POTENTIAL DUE TO AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE (Page 723) - 24-5 POTENTIAL DUE TO A CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTION (Page 724) - 24-6 CALCULATING THE FIELD FROM THE POTENTIAL (Page 727) - 24-7 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF CHARGED PARTICLES (Page 729) - 24-8 POTENTIAL OF A CHARGED ISOLATED CONDUCTOR (Page 732) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 733) - QUESTIONS (Page 734) - PROBLEMS (Page 736) - 25 Capacitance (Page 743) - 25-1 CAPACITANCE (Page 743) - 25-2 CALCULATING THE CAPACITANCE (Page 745) - 25-3 CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL AND IN SERIES (Page 749) - 25-4 ENERGY STORED IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD (Page 754) - 25-5 CAPACITOR WITH A DIELECTRIC (Page 757) - 25-6 DIELECTRICS AND GAUSS’ LAW (Page 761) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 764) - QUESTIONS (Page 764) - PROBLEMS (Page 765) - 26 Current and Resistance (Page 771) - 26-1 ELECTRIC CURRENT (Page 771) - 26-2 CURRENT DENSITY (Page 774) - 26-3 RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY (Page 778) - 26-4 OHM’S LAW (Page 782) - 26-5 POWER, SEMICONDUCTORS, SUPERCONDUCTORS (Page 786) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 789) - QUESTIONS (Page 790) - PROBLEMS (Page 791) - 27 Circuits (Page 797) - 27-1 SINGLE-LOOP CIRCUITS (Page 797) - 27-2 MULTILOOP CIRCUITS (Page 807) - 27-3 THE AMMETER AND THE VOLTMETER (Page 814) - 27-4 RC CIRCUITS (Page 814) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 819) - QUESTIONS (Page 819) - PROBLEMS (Page 821) - 28 Magnetic Fields (Page 829) - 28-1 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND THE DEFINITION OF B (Page 829) - 28-2 CROSSED FIELDS: DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON (Page 834) - 28-3 CROSSED FIELDS: THE HALL EFFECT (Page 836) - 28-4 A CIRCULATING CHARGED PARTICLE (Page 840) - 28-5 CYCLOTRONS AND SYNCHROTRONS (Page 843) - 28-6 MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CURRENT-CARRYING WIRE (Page 846) - 28-7 TORQUE ON A CURRENT LOOP (Page 848) - 28-8 THE MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT (Page 850) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 853) - QUESTIONS (Page 853) - PROBLEMS (Page 855) - 29 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents (Page 862) - 29-1 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT (Page 862) - 29-2 FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CURRENTS (Page 868) - 29-3 AMPERE’S LAW (Page 870) - 29-4 SOLENOIDS AND TOROIDS (Page 874) - 29-5 A CURRENT-CARRYING COIL AS A MAGNETIC DIPOLE (Page 877) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 880) - QUESTIONS (Page 881) - PROBLEMS (Page 882) - 30 Induction and Inductance (Page 890) - 30-1 FARADAY’S LAW AND LENZ’S LAW (Page 890) - 30-2 INDUCTION AND ENERGY TRANSFERS (Page 897) - 30-3 INDUCED ELECTRIC FIELDS (Page 900) - 30-4 INDUCTORS AND INDUCTANCE (Page 905) - 30-5 SELF-INDUCTION (Page 907) - 30-6 RL CIRCUITS (Page 908) - 30-7 ENERGY STORED IN A MAGNETIC FIELD (Page 913) - 30-8 ENERGY DENSITY OF A MAGNETIC FIELD (Page 915) - 30-9 MUTUAL INDUCTION (Page 916) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 919) - QUESTIONS (Page 919) - PROBLEMS (Page 921) - 31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current (Page 929) - 31-1 LC OSCILLATIONS (Page 929) - 31-2 DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN AN RLC CIRCUIT (Page 936) - 31-3 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF THREE SIMPLE CIRCUITS (Page 938) - 31-4 THE SERIES RLC CIRCUIT (Page 947) - 31-5 POWER IN ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUITS (Page 953) - 31-6 TRANSFORMERS (Page 956) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 959) - QUESTIONS (Page 960) - PROBLEMS (Page 961) - 32 Maxwell’s Equations; Magnetism of Matter (Page 967) - 32-1 GAUSS’ LAW FOR MAGNETIC FIELDS (Page 967) - 32-2 INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELDS (Page 969) - 32-3 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT (Page 972) - 32-4 MAGNETS (Page 976) - 32-5 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRONS (Page 978) - 32-6 DIAMAGNETISM (Page 983) - 32-7 PARAMAGNETISM (Page 985) - 32-8 FERROMAGNETISM (Page 987) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 990) - QUESTIONS (Page 991) - PROBLEMS (Page 993) - 33 Electromagnetic Waves (Page 998) - 33-1 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (Page 998) - 33-2 ENERGY TRANSPORT AND THE POYNTING VECTOR (Page 1006) - 33-3 RADIATION PRESSURE (Page 1009) - 33-4 POLARIZATION (Page 1011) - 33-5 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION (Page 1016) - 33-6 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION (Page 1022) - 33-7 POLARIZATION BY REFLECTION (Page 1023) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1025) - QUESTIONS (Page 1026) - PROBLEMS (Page 1027) - 34 Images (Page 1036) - 34-1 IMAGES AND PLANE MIRRORS (Page 1036) - 34-2 SPHERICAL MIRRORS (Page 1040) - 34-3 SPHERICAL REFRACTING SURFACES (Page 1046) - 34-4 THIN LENSES (Page 1049) - 34-5 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS (Page 1056) - 34-6 THREE PROOFS (Page 1059) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1062) - QUESTIONS (Page 1063) - PROBLEMS (Page 1064) - 35 Interference (Page 1073) - 35-1 LIGHT AS A WAVE (Page 1073) - 35-2 YOUNG’S INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT (Page 1079) - 35-3 INTERFERENCE AND DOUBLE-SLIT INTENSITY (Page 1085) - 35-4 INTERFERENCE FROM THIN FILMS (Page 1089) - 35-5 MICHELSON’S INTERFEROMETER (Page 1096) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1098) - QUESTIONS (Page 1098) - PROBLEMS (Page 1100) - 36 Diffraction (Page 1107) - 36-1 SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION (Page 1107) - 36-2 INTENSITY IN SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION (Page 1112) - 36-3 DIFFRACTION BY A CIRCULAR APERTURE (Page 1116) - 36-4 DIFFRACTION BY A DOUBLE SLIT (Page 1120) - 36-5 DIFFRACTION GRATINGS (Page 1124) - 36-6 GRATINGS: DISPERSION AND RESOLVING POWER (Page 1127) - 36-7 X-RAY DIFFRACTION (Page 1130) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1133) - QUESTIONS (Page 1133) - PROBLEMS (Page 1134) - 37 Relativity (Page 1142) - 37-1 SIMULTANEITY AND TIME DILATION (Page 1142) - 37-2 THE RELATIVITY OF LENGTH (Page 1151) - 37-3 THE LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION (Page 1155) - 37-4 THE RELATIVITY OF VELOCITIES (Page 1159) - 37-5 DOPPLER EFFECT FOR LIGHT (Page 1160) - 37-6 MOMENTUM AND ENERGY (Page 1163) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1169) - QUESTIONS (Page 1170) - PROBLEMS (Page 1171) - 38 Photons and Matter Waves (Page 1179) - 38-1 THE PHOTON, THE QUANTUM OF LIGHT (Page 1179) - 38-2 THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT (Page 1181) - 38-3 PHOTONS, MOMENTUM, COMPTON SCATTERING, LIGHT INTERFERENCE (Page 1184) - 38-4 THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM PHYSICS (Page 1190) - 38-5 ELECTRONS AND MATTER WAVES (Page 1192) - 38-6 SCHRÖDINGER’S EQUATION (Page 1196) - 38-7 HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE (Page 1198) - 38-8 REFLECTION FROM A POTENTIAL STEP (Page 1200) - 38-9 TUNNELING THROUGH A POTENTIAL BARRIER (Page 1202) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1205) - QUESTIONS (Page 1206) - PROBLEMS (Page 1207) - 39 More About Matter Waves (Page 1212) - 39-1 ENERGIES OF A TRAPPED ELECTRON (Page 1212) - 39-2 WAVE FUNCTIONS OF A TRAPPED ELECTRON (Page 1217) - 39-3 AN ELECTRON IN A FINITE WELL (Page 1221) - 39-4 TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON TRAPS (Page 1223) - 39-5 THE HYDROGEN ATOM (Page 1227) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1239) - QUESTIONS (Page 1239) - PROBLEMS (Page 1240) - 40 All About Atoms (Page 1245) - 40-1 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS (Page 1245) - 40-2 THE STERN-GERLACH EXPERIMENT (Page 1252) - 40-3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE (Page 1255) - 40-4 EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE AND MULTIPLE ELECTRONS IN A TRAP (Page 1256) - 40-5 BUILDING THE PERIODIC TABLE (Page 1260) - 40-6 X RAYS AND THE ORDERING OF THE ELEMENTS (Page 1262) - 40-7 LASERS (Page 1266) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1271) - QUESTIONS (Page 1272) - PROBLEMS (Page 1273) - 41 Conduction of Electricity in Solids (Page 1278) - 41-1 THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS (Page 1278) - 41-2 SEMICONDUCTORS AND DOPING (Page 1287) - 41-3 THE p-n JUNCTION AND THE TRANSISTOR (Page 1291) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1297) - QUESTIONS (Page 1298) - PROBLEMS (Page 1298) - 42 Nuclear Physics (Page 1302) - 42-1 DISCOVERING THE NUCLEUS (Page 1302) - 42-2 SOME NUCLEAR PROPERTIES (Page 1305) - 42-3 RADIOACTIVE DECAY (Page 1312) - 42-4 ALPHA DECAY (Page 1315) - 42-5 BETA DECAY (Page 1318) - 42-6 RADIOACTIVE DATING (Page 1321) - 42-7 MEASURING RADIATION DOSAGE (Page 1322) - 42-8 NUCLEAR MODELS (Page 1323) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1326) - QUESTIONS (Page 1327) - PROBLEMS (Page 1328) - 43 Energy from the Nucleus (Page 1335) - 43-1 NUCLEAR FISSION (Page 1335) - 43-2 THE NUCLEAR REACTOR (Page 1342) - 43-3 A NATURAL NUCLEAR REACTOR (Page 1346) - 43-4 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION: THE BASIC PROCESS (Page 1348) - 43-5 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION IN THE SUN AND OTHER STARS (Page 1350) - 43-6 CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION (Page 1352) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1355) - QUESTIONS (Page 1355) - PROBLEMS (Page 1356) - 44 Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang (Page 1360) - 44-1 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES (Page 1360) - 44-2 LEPTONS, HADRONS, AND STRANGENESS (Page 1369) - 44-3 QUARKS AND MESSENGER PARTICLES (Page 1375) - 44-4 COSMOLOGY (Page 1381) - REVIEW & SUMMARY (Page 1388) - QUESTIONS (Page 1388) - PROBLEMS (Page 1389) - APPENDICES (Page 1395) - A: The International System of Units (SI) (Page 1395) - B: Some Fundamental Constants of Physics (Page 1397) - C: Some Astronomical Data (Page 1398) - D: Conversion Factors (Page 1399) - E: Mathematical Formulas (Page 1403) - F: Properties of The Elements (Page 1406) - G: Periodic Table of The Elements (Page 1409) - ANSWERS: To Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems (Page 1411) - INDEX (Page 1425)