496 Pages · 5.96 mb ·
Law
- Front Cover (Page 1) - Letter from the COPS Office (Page 5) - Preface (Page 7) - Acknowledgments (Page 9) - Executive Summary (Page 11) - Contents (Page 15) - Chapter 1: Introduction (Page 25) - Introduction (Page 27) - Perspective (Page 29) - Conclusion (Page 30) - Chapter 2: Understanding Contemporary Intelligence for Law Enforcement Organizations: Concepts and Definitions (Page 31) - Defining Intelligence (Page 34) - Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 35) - Homeland Security (All-Hazards) Intelligence (Page 38) - National Security Intelligence (Page 39) - Emerging Intelligence Initiatives Associated with Homeland Security/All-Hazards Intelligence (Page 43) - Fire Service Intelligence Enterprise (Page 43) - Medical Intelligence: Protecting the Public Health (Page 44) - Gang Intelligence (Page 45) - What Is a Gang? (Page 46) - National Gang Intelligence Center (Page 47) - Conclusion (Page 48) - Chapter Annex 2-1: Law Enforcement and Homeland Security Intelligence Case Study (Page 49) - Threats Posed by Zebra Mussels (Page 49) - Chapter 3: A Brief History of Law Enforcement Intelligence: Past Practice and Recommendations for Change (Page 53) - Law Enforcement Intelligence: The Years of Evolution (Page 55) - Congressional Inquiries into Intelligence Activities (Page 58) - National Crime Commissions and New Initiatives Influencing the Evolution of State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 60) - The Commissions and their Purpose (Page 60) - The National Crime Commissions and Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 62) - Law Enforcement Intelligence Initiatives in the Post-9/11 Environment (Page 67) - Collateral Developments (Page 73) - Implications (Page 75) - Law Enforcement Intelligence at the State, Local, and Tribal Levels (Page 76) - Conclusion (Page 77) - Chapter 4: The Intelligence Process (Cycle) for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement (Page 79) - Planning and Direction (Page 83) - Collection (Page 86) - Processing/Collation (Page 88) - Analysis (Page 92) - Dissemination (Page 93) - Reevaluation (Page 97) - Conclusion (Page 97) - Chapter Annex 4-1: Federal Bureau of Investigation Intelligence Cycle (Page 98) - The FBI Intelligence Cycle (Page 98) - Chapter 5: The Concept of Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) (Page 101) - Conceptual Foundations (Page 103) - Defining ILP (Page 104) - Fundamental Perspectives on the History of ILP: The British Experience (Page 106) - Perspective 1: The Current State of American Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 106) - Perspective 2: The British National Intelligence Model and Challenges in Adapting It to U.S. Law Enforcement (Page 108) - Comparing U.S. and U.K. Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 110) - ILP And Community Policing, Problem Solving, and CompStat (Page 110) - Comparing ILP and CompStat (Page 112) - Ethical Issues (Page 115) - Civil Rights and ILP (Page 115) - Public Education (Page 116) - Community Members as Law Enforcement Volunteers (Page 117) - Chapter 6: Developing and Implementing Intelligence-Led Policing (Page 121) - Establishing a Framework for Strategic Priorities and Information Processing: The Information Management Plan (Page 124) - The Information Management Plan (Page 126) - Establishing Strategic Priorities for Intelligence-Led Policing (Page 126) - Intelligence Requirements (Page 131) - Collection Plan (Page 131) - Analysis (Page 132) - Intelligence Products (Page 132) - Operational Responses (Page 133) - Review of the Process (Page 133) - Summary (Page 134) - Organizational Infrastructure for ILP (Page 134) - Commitment (Page 135) - Partnerships (Page 136) - Information-Sharing Processes (Page 141) - Operational Plan (Page 142) - Analytic Capability (Page 142) - Tactical and Strategic Response Alternatives (Page 143) - Next Steps: Implementation (Page 144) - The Implementation Starting Point (Page 146) - Conclusion (Page 149) - Chapter Annex 6-1: Community Education Handout (Page 152) - Wichita State University Regional Community Policing Institute (Page 152) - Chapter 7: Civil Rights and Privacy in the Law Enforcement Intelligence Process (Page 153) - Privacy and Civil Rights: A Foundation (Page 157) - Increased Scrutiny of Law Enforcement Intelligence: The Challenge of Balancing Civil Liberties and Community Safety (Page 158) - Lawsuits and Decrees Related to Law Enforcement Intelligence Activities (Page 161) - Civil Rights Example: First Amendment Free Expression—Two Views (Page 167) - The Need for More Controls of Intelligence Inquiries than Criminal Investigations40 (Page 169) - Maintaining Privacy in the Intelligence Process (Page 170) - 28 CFR Part 23 – Criminal Intelligence Operating Policies (Page 173) - Federal Civil Rights Liability and Intelligence55 (Page 179) - Providing a Transparent Process (Page 182) - Steps to Ensure Protection of Citizens’ Civil Rights (Page 184) - Conclusion (Page 187) - Chapter Annex 7-1: Protecting Civil Rights and Immunizing an Agency from Liability in the Law Enforcement Intelligence Process (Page 188) - Chapter 8: The Intelligence Fusion Process (Page 191) - Historical Perspective (Page 193) - Refining the Fusion Center Concept (Page 195) - Baseline Capabilities for Intelligence Fusion Centers (Page 198) - What Is Intelligence Fusion? (Page 199) - Why Fusion Centers? (Page 201) - Fusion Centers and the Crime Laboratory: An Analogy (Page 203) - Fusion Centers and the Information Sharing Environment (Page 204) - Operationalizing the Fusion Process (Page 205) - Is there a Role for the Private Sector? (Page 207) - Concerns About Fusion Centers (Page 208) - Fusion Centers and Civil Rights Issues (Page 212) - Developing the Fusion Center (Page 214) - Outputs of the Fusion Center (Page 217) - Conclusion (Page 219) - Chapter Annex 8-1: Developing a Memorandum of Understanding71 (Page 220) - Chapter Annex 8-2: Common Terrorism Information-Sharing Standards Program (Page 223) - Program Manager/Information-Sharing Environment (Page 223) - Chapter 9: Developing Public-Private Partnerships for Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 225) - Background and Perspective (Page 228) - U.S. National Standards and Recommendations for Public-Private Partnerships (Page 229) - P3I and the Intelligence Process (Page 232) - The Information-Sharing Environment and the Private Sector (Page 233) - Fundamental Principles of Public-Private Partnerships for Intelligence (Page 235) - Types of Partnerships (Page 237) - Obstacles to Law Enforcement-Private Partnerships (Page 240) - Two Critical Issues to Resolve: Sharing Criminal Information and Private Proprietary Information (Page 242) - Developing a Successful Public-Private Partnership for Intelligence (Page 244) - InfraGard (Page 247) - Security/Police Information Network: Nassau County, New York (Page 249) - Homeland Security, Information-Sharing, and the Private Sector (Page 251) - Critical Infrastructure Sector Partnership (Page 252) - Special Note: Terrorism Early Warning Group (Page 254) - Conclusion (Page 255) - Chapter Annex 9-1: Public-Private Partnership Exercise (Page 256) - Sudden Impact: Threat Planning for Infectious Disease in Cattle (Page 256) - Chapter 10: Managing Information: A Closer Look at Suspicious Activity Reports, Intelligence Requirements, Collection, Analysis, and Products (Page 259) - Suspicious Activity Reporting (Page 261) - Suspicious Activity Reporting for a Law Enforcement Agency (Page 262) - Suspicious Activity Reporting Processes (Page 264) - SARs and Personal Identifying Information (Page 267) - Establishing Controls on Suspicious Activity Reports/Information (Page 267) - Policy Recommendations for Developing and Managing a Suspicious Activity Reporting System (Page 269) - The Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting Initiative (Page 270) - Summary (Page 272) - Intelligence Requirements (Page 275) - Filling Gaps/Fulfilling Requirements (Page 276) - Applying the Concept to Law Enforcement (Page 278) - Comparing Intelligence Requirements and Crime Analysis (Page 278) - Requirements and Strategic Priorities (Page 279) - Typologies of Requirements (Page 280) - Requirements and Criminal Evidence (Page 282) - Summary (Page 283) - Collection (Page 283) - Collecting Information from Corrections Agencies (Page 285) - Summary (Page 285) - Analysis (Page 286) - Analytic Tools (Page 290) - Predictive Analysis (Page 294) - Critical Variables for the Analysis of a Threat (Page 295) - Summary (Page 296) - Intelligence Outputs and Products (Page 296) - Practices to Avoid with Intelligence Products (Page 300) - Summary (Page 301) - Conclusion (Page 301) - Chapter 11: Open Source Information and Intelligence: A Perspective for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies (Page 305) - Understanding “Open Source” (Page 307) - Why Is there Value in Open Source Information? (Page 307) - Definitions and Categories (Page 308) - Source of First Resort (Page 309) - National Initiatives: The National Open Source Enterprise (Page 311) - Open Source and Law Enforcement Intelligence (Tradecraft) (Page 313) - Law Enforcement Applications of Open Source (Page 314) - Open Sources and Civil Rights (Page 315) - Attribution and Copyrighted Materials in the Intelligence Process and Reports (Page 318) - Metrics for Open Source Use (Page 320) - Open Source Content for the Intelligence Process (Page 320) - Open Source Information Identifying People and Organizations from Subscription Services and the Media (Page 321) - The Social Networking Concept and Issues for Open Source (Page 322) - Newsletters and Blogs (Page 323) - Wikis (Page 325) - RSS Feeds (Page 325) - Gray Literature (Page 326) - The Deep Web (Page 326) - The Underground Web (Page 330) - A Broadened Perspective of Open Source for Law Enforcement (Page 331) - Homeland Security Intelligence and Open Sources (Page 332) - Open Source Processes and Protocols (Page 333) - Using an Open Source Collection Plan (Page 333) - Techniques and Tools (Page 334) - The Need to Determine Accuracy, Reliability, and Validity (Page 335) - Avoiding Traffic Analysis: Becoming Anonymous on the Web (Page 336) - The Investment in Critical Thought and Time (Page 338) - Conclusion (Page 338) - Chapter Annex 11-1: Eclectic Web Sites Sometimes Found Useful for Intelligence (Page 339) - Chapter Annex 11-2: The Pre-Search Development Plan (Page 341) - Chapter 12: Federal and National Law Enforcement Intelligence Resources, Networks, and Systems (Page 343) - What Is Needed to Start? (Page 346) - Federal and National Law Enforcement Intelligence Resources (Page 346) - Classified Information (Page 347) - Security Clearances for SLTLE Personnel (Page 350) - Sensitive but Unclassified and Controlled Unclassified Information (Page 352) - Sensitive but Unclassified Information (Page 353) - Controlled Unclassified Information (Page 354) - Summary (Page 358) - Federal and National Intelligence Resources and Products (Page 359) - Department of Justice— Law Enforcement Information Sharing Program31 (Page 360) - Federal Bureau of Investigation Intelligence Initiatives40 (Page 366) - Terrorist Screening Center41 (Page 370) - Law Enforcement Online42 (Page 371) - Guardian and eGuardian (Page 372) - Department of Homeland Security Intelligence and Analysis Directorate (Page 372) - Homeland Security–State and Local Intelligence Community of Interest (HS SLIC) (Page 375) - National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)50 (Page 375) - Regional Information Sharing System (Page 377) - RISS.NET (Page 378) - Drug Enforcement Administration58 (Page 380) - El Paso Intelligence Center62 (Page 381) - National Drug Intelligence Center63 (Page 382) - High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas65 (Page 383) - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives68 (Page 384) - Federal Protective Service Secure Portal70 (Page 385) - Financial Crimes Enforcement Network72 (Page 385) - High-Risk Money Laundering and Related Financial Crimes Areas73 (Page 387) - Gateway (Page 387) - International Justice and Public Safety Network74 (Page 388) - Accelerated Information Sharing for Law Enforcement (Page 388) - Operation Archangel and the Automated Critical Asset Management System (Page 388) - Constellation/Automated Critical Asset Management System (Page 390) - Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit82 (Page 390) - Information Sharing (Page 391) - International Criminal Police Organization83 (Page 391) - Summary (Page 392) - A Summary of Selected Intelligence Networks and Applications (Page 393) - SBU/CUI Networks (Page 393) - SBU/CUI Network Applications (Page 395) - Conclusion (Page 395) - Chapter 13: Management and Human Resource Issuesfor the Intelligence Function (Page 397) - A Checklist of Considerations in Developing or Reengineering the Law Enforcement Intelligence Capacity (Page 400) - Administration and Management (Page 400) - Develop the Intelligence Unit’s Infrastructure (Page 402) - Staffing (Page 404) - Training (Page 404) - Information Management and Information-Sharing (Page 405) - Implementation and Assessment (Page 407) - Developing the Concept of Operations (Page 407) - Contents of a Concept of Operations (Page 409) - The ConOps Next Step (Page 415) - Implementing and Managing the Intelligence Structure (Page 415) - Establishing an Organizational Framework (Page 415) - Chartering an Intelligence Unit (Page 416) - Auditing the Intelligence Function (Page 419) - Establishing and Managing Partnerships (Page 420) - Sources for Intelligence Management and Resource Trends (Page 421) - Human Resource Issues (Page 422) - Staffing (Page 422) - Training (Page 424) - Categories of Currently Available Intelligence Training Programs (Page 428) - Federal Bureau of Investigation Center for Intelligence Studies29 (Page 428) - Drug Enforcement Administration30 (Page 428) - Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (Page 429) - Other Programs and Training Resources (Page 429) - Intelligence Courses in Higher Education (Page 429) - Conclusion (Page 430) - Chapter Annex 13-1 10 Simple Steps to Help Your Agency Become Part of the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan40 (Page 431) - Chapter Annex 13-2 Why Law Enforcement Agencies Need an Analytic Function41 (Page 433) - Chapter 14: Summary, Conclusions, and Next Steps (Page 435) - Challenges for the Future (Page 438) - Implementing Change: The R-Cubed Approach5 (Page 439) - Reassessing (Page 440) - Refocusing (Page 440) - Reallocating (Page 441) - Conclusion (Page 441) - Figures/Tables (Page 443) - Figures (Page 445) - Tables (Page 447) - Bibliography/Appendixes (Page 449) - Bibliography (Page 451) - Appendix A: Glossary of Terms for Law Enforcement Intelligence (Page 461) - Appendix B: Intelligence Unit Management Audit (Page 477) - Audit Criteria for the Law Enforcement Intelligence Function Version 2.0 (Page 477) - Appendix C: LEIU Audit Checklist for the Criminal Intelligence Function (Page 489) - Appendix D: About the Author (Page 495) - Back Cover (Page 496)